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How do i start to solve? would appreciate a walk-thru! a bird sitting 16ft above the ground in an apple tree dislodges an apple. after how many seconds does the apple land on the ground? (assuming that no branches will interfere with it's fall)

Can some one me with these questions

Jude is making cement for a driveway. the instructions show the amount of each ingredient to make 1 batch of cement. complete each statement to adjust the ingredients for each new situation if jude uses these instructions.