What value of x makes the equation, -3 + 4x + 3(4x + 8)=4(7x + 3)-3 true?

The equation shown below represents function f. f(x)= -2x+5 the graph shown below represents function g. which of the following statements is true? a. over the interval [2, 4], the average rate of change of f is the same as the average rate of change of g. the y-intercept of function f is less than the y-intercept of function g. b. over the interval [2, 4], the average rate of change of f is greater than the average rate of change of g. the y-intercept of function f is greater than the y-intercept of function g. c. over the interval [2, 4], the average rate of change of f is the same as the average rate of change of g. the y-intercept of function f is greater than the y-intercept of function g. d. over the interval [2, 4], the average rate of change of f is less than the average rate of change of g. the y-intercept of function f is the same as the y-intercept of function g.

What adds to be the bottom number but also multiplies to be the top number with 8 on the bottom and 15 on top

Which geometric principle is used to justify the construction below?