Identify at least one confounding variable that undermines the conclusion drawn in the following fictional study: Prof. Acosta was interested in which of two popular statistics textbooks (Statistics: It Will Change Your Life and Statistics: Bigger, Better, Stronger) was better for students. Prof. Acosta compared the two texts by assigning one text to a section of statistics taught by Prof. Agnew from 10 to 11 a. m. on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and the other text to a section of statistics taught by Prof. Alvarez from 7 to 10 p. m. on Wednesday evenings. At the end of the term, all students took the same comprehensive test. Students to whom Statistics: Bigger, Better, Stronger was assigned performed better on the test than did students to whom Statistics: It Will Change Your Life was assigned. Therefore, Prof. Acosta concluded that the former textbook was the better one.

Identifying at least one confounding variable that undermines the conclusion drawn in the fictional study is:

All students took the same comprehensive test.

Step-by-step explanation:

In a study, an independent variable causes an effect on the dependent variable. But a confounding variable is the variable that influences the independent variable as well as the dependent variable.  If this third variable is not controlled, it might lead the researcher to make a wrong estimate of the relationship that exists between the independent variable and the dependent variable.

1. is 4 and 2. is 3

step-by-step explanation:

so if you look at the first one you see that 1 is to 4 and 2 is to 8 and so on, so you can see for every 1 there is a times 4 so if it were 3 then it would be 3*4 and it is 12

for number 2 it is 3 because 1 is to 3 and 2 is to 6 so for every 1 there is 3 so if it were 3 then there would be 3*3 = 9

associative property hopes this ! : )

step-by-step explanation: