How can i simplify this and show work?

Afudge recipe calls for 1/2 cup of cocoa if only 1/2 of the recipe is made to how much cocoa should you use

Prove that 3: 8 is equivalent to 12: 32.a. use diagrams to support your answer.

Abox contains 1 plain pencil and 4 pens. a second box contains 5 color pencils and 5 crayons. one item from each box is chosen at random. what is the probability that a plain pencil from the first box and a color pencil from the second box are selected? write your answer as a fraction in simplest form.