(a) A gambler knows that red and black are equally likely to occur on each spin of a roulette wheel. He observes
that 5 consecutive reds have occurred and bets heavily
on black at the next spin. Asked why, he explains that
“black is due." Explain to the gambler what is wrong
with this reasoning.
(b) After hearing you explain why red and black are still
equally likely after 5 reds on the roulette wheel, the
gambler moves to a card game. He is dealt 5 straight
red cards from a standard deck with 26 red cards and
26 black cards. He remembers what you said and
assumes that the next card dealt in the same hand is
equally likely to be red or black. Explain to the gambler
what is wrong with this reasoning.