In its SIMPLIEST form, what is the Entscheidung problem? (Definition for dummies

Jackie bought a bag of oranges. she used 3/8 of the oranges to make orange juice. she used 1/3 of the oranges to make a fruit salad. she put 1/8 of the oranges in a bowl on the table. she put 2/12 of the oranges in the refrigerator. a) jackie left more oranges on the table than she put in the refrigerator. b) jackie used fewer oranges to make orange juice than she left on the table. c) jackie put fewer oranges in the refrigerator than she used to make the fruit salad. eliminate d) jackie used more oranges to make a fruit salad than she used to make orange juice.

Which approach to the theory-and-research cycle does the following sequence reflect: (1) specific observations suggest generalizations, (2) generalizations produce a tentative theory, (3) the theory is tested through the formation of hypotheses, and (4) hypotheses may provide suggestions for additional observations?

Which one ? is the answer and how to find this answer