Claim: It is ethical for food companies to sell unlabeled genetically modified food because customers can become confused if there are too many labels. Reason: GMO labels reinforce stigmas about genetically modified foods. Which piece of evidence most clearly supports this reason? A recent study shows that most consumers negatively perceive a GMO label as a warning. GMO foods can offer consumers nutritional benefits. Referring to GMO foods as “Frankenstein foods” stirs consumers’ emotions. Some GMO crops require fewer resources to produce, so they are good for the environment.

Amachine that produces a special type of transistor (a component of computers) has a 2% defective rate. the production is considered a random process where each transistor is independent of the others. (a) what is the probability that the 10th transistor produced is the first with a defect? (b) what is the probability that the machine produces no defective transistors in a batch of 100? (c) on average, how many transistors would you expect to be produced before the first with a defect? what is the standard deviation? (d) another machine that also produces transistors has a 5% defective rate where each transistor is produced independent of the others. on average how many transistors would you expect to be produced with this machine before the first with a defect? what is the standard deviation? (e) based on your answers to parts (c) and (d), how does increasing the probability of an event a↵ect the mean and standard deviation of the wait time until success?