44 is 16% of what? how did you get your answer?

Precalculus question, image attached.

Suppose that in 2008 , 840,800 citizens died of a certain disease assuming the population of teh country is 399 miliion, what is the mortality rate in units of deaths per 100,000 people?

White shapes and black shapes are used in a game. some of the shapes are circles. while the rest are squares. the ratio of the number of white shapes to the number of black shapes is 5: 11. the ratio of the number of white cicrles to the number of white squares is 3: 7. the ratio of the number of black circles to the number of black squres is 3: 8. work out what fraction of all the shapes are circles.