Mt. Everest is considered the tallest mountain in the world at 8,848 meters above sea level. In fact, the largest mountain in the world is Mauna Loa, in Hawai'i. Mauna Loa rises 4,170 meters from sea level to the top of the summit, but its base is deep under water. The base of the mountain is at −5,000 meters. A probe is dropped 7,500 meters straight down into Mauna Loa from its summit. At what height is the probe, relative to sea level? How far is the probe from the base of the volcano?

Aresearch study is studying the effects of a new drug for osteoporosis alzheimer's disease (ad) for women above the age of 65 years. a group of individuals with osteoporosis is randomized into two groups. one group is treated conventionally, and the second group is treated with the new medication. assessments are made at 3, 6, 12, 36, and 48 months. the conventionally treated group is assessed for ad using a serum blood test, and the treatment group is assessed for ad using a pet radiotracer that binds to beta-amyloid plaques. in comparing these 2 trial arms, the authors of the study may encounter which type of bias? a. selection bias on the risk of developing b. measurement bias c. confounding bias d. recall bias e. lead-time bias