Each morning, an individual leaves his house and goes on a run. He is equally likely to leave from the front door or back door. Upon leaving the house, he chooses a pair of running shoes (or goes barefoot if there are no shoes near the door from which the runner departs). Upon his return, independently of the door from which he left, he is equally likely to enter the house through either door. He leaves his shoes near the door through which he enters. Suppose that the runner owns 4 pairs of running shoes. Let Xn be the number of pairs of shoes at the front door each morning before he goes on the run. Thenis a Markov chain.

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Step-by-step explanation:

d) 30 units^2

area of rectangle = l × b

we know,

length = 10 unit

breadth = 3 unit

applying the formula,

= l × b

= 10 × 3

= 30 unit^2

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the answer is; biodiversity resulting from few ancestors

adaptive radiation occurs when a population is subjected to a large natural environment with spatial ecological variations. the parts of the population in the different ecologies begin to adapt to their local environments. due to non-random mating across the large populations, this causes the different populations from the large population to speciate within their local environments. they, therefore, diverge to different species sharing a common ancestor.