In a survey of 200 publicly-traded companies, the average price-earnings ratio was 18.5 with a standard deviation of 8.2. When testing the hypothesis (at the 5% level of significance) that the average price-earnings ratio has increased from the past value of 16.8, the null and alternative hypotheses would be:

Null Hypothesis: H0:μ ≤ 16.8

Alternative Hypothesis: Ha: μ > 16.8

Step-by-step explanation:

We are told that affer testing the hypothesis (at the 5% level of significance), that the average price-earnings ratio increased from the past value of 16.8.

It means that the past value was not more than 16.8.

This follows that the null hypothesis is given as;

H0:μ ≤ 16.8

And since it has been discovered that the ratio increased from the past value of 16.8, the alternative hypothesis is;

Ha: μ > 16.8

a. she will receive a refund of $278.

step-by-step explanation:

the simplified form is

step-by-step explanation:

we want to simplify the expression,

let us change the middle bar to a normal division sign to obtain,

we multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction to obtain,

we factor to obtain,

we cancel the common factors to get,

we simplify to get,

the correct answer is b