Appropriate conclusions from experimental and non-experimental studies In a study designed to examine the association of breakfast intake and body mass index (BMI), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study recruited 2,379 adolescent girls. Frequency of breakfast consumption, dietary calcium and fiber, and BMI were recorded over a period of 9 years. The study found that girls who ate breakfast more often tended to have a lower BMI [Source: J Am Diet Assoc. (2005)]. Which of the following conclusions can you make on the basis of this study? A. The frequency of eating breakfast is associated with lower BMI in adolescent girls. B. There is no relationship between eating breakfast and BMI in adolescent girls. C. Eating breakfast makes adolescent girls thinner. D. Skipping breakfast can contribute to obesity in adolescent girls.