Black walnut trees contain chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plants. In a simple experiment to test whether this is true, you grow several tomato plants in soil with and without decomposing leaves from a black walnut tree. You collect data on plant height as a measure of growth. In this experiment, is the independent variable, is the dependent variable, and is the control.

Height of tomato plant is the dependent variable

Presence of walnut leaves in the soil is the independent variable

Tomato plants grown without walnut leaves is the control

Step-by-step explanation:

An independent variable is the variable in an experiment that can be altered to test for a certain result. It is independent, or does not change with change in other factors in the experiment. In this case, the presence or absence, or quantity of walnut available in the soil is the independent variable in the experiment.

A dependent variable varies, and depends on the independent variable. It is what is measured in the experiment. In this case, the height of the tomato plants is the dependent variable that depends on the presence, absence or quantity of walnut in the soil.

A control in an experiment, is a replicate experiment, that is manipulated in order to be able to test a single variable at a time. Controls are variables are held constant so as to minimize their effect on the system under study. In this case, some of the tomato plants are planted without walnut in the soil, to test the effect of the absence of the walnut in the soil.

true statements:

a) x + y = y + x   ⇒ commutative property of addition

b) (x * y) * z = x * (y * z) ⇒ associative property of multiplication

d) (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) ⇒ associative property of addition

false statements:

c) x - y = y - x   should be: x - y = - y + x

e) (x - y) - z = x - (y - z) should be: (x - y) - z = x - (y + z)

step-by-step explanation: