Determined to finish her milkshake before Diego, Lin now drinks her 12 ounce milkshake at a rate of 1/4 an ounce per second. Diego starts with his usual 20 ounce milkshake and drinks at the same rate as before, 2/3 an ounce per second.

An energy drink company claims that its product increases students' memory levels. to support its claims, the company issues advertisements claiming that 8 out of 10 people (chosen randomly from across the country) who tried their product reported improved memory. the missing component in this study is a .