How would you go about writing a function with no horizontal shift for these two sinusoids?

pic#1 has an amplitude of 1 and a midline of -2

pic#2 has an amplitude of 1 and a midline of 0

please show steps, that would help me understand these examples, thank you!

The annual snowfall in a town has a mean of 38 inches and a standard deviation of 10 inches. last year there were 63 inches of snow. find the number of standard deviations from the mean that is, rounded to two decimal places. 0.44 standard deviations below the mean 2.50 standard deviations below the mean 0.44 standard deviations above the mean 2.50 standard deviations above the mean