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If the ratio of sum of the first m and n terms of an ap is m2 : n2 , show that the ratio of its mth and nth terms is (2m − 1) : (2n − 1).

Prove (a) cosh2(x) − sinh2(x) = 1 and (b) 1 − tanh 2(x) = sech 2(x). solution (a) cosh2(x) − sinh2(x) = ex + e−x 2 2 − 2 = e2x + 2 + e−2x 4 − = 4 = . (b) we start with the identity proved in part (a): cosh2(x) − sinh2(x) = 1. if we divide both sides by cosh2(x), we get 1 − sinh2(x) cosh2(x) = 1 or 1 − tanh 2(x) = .