The magnitude M of a star is a measure of how bright a star appears to the human eye. It is defined by

M = -2.5 log(B/B₀),

where B is the actual brightness of the star and B₀ is a constant.

(a) Expand the right-hand side of the equation.

(b) Betelgeuse is about 100 times brighter than Albiero. Use part (a) to show that Betelgeuse is 5 magnitudes less bright than Albiero. Let B1 be the brightness of the star Albiero and M1 be its magnitude.

Then 100B1 is the brightness of Betelgeuse, and its magnitude is .

the population of other specie of birds will decline or other specie of birds will find some alternate source of food to survive.

explanation:

according to the competitive exclusion principle, which is also known as gause's law, two specie living in the same niche and feeding on the same resource cannot co-exist stably.

as we have well studied the theory of natural selection which states that only those organisms survive which have better tendency to compete for food and adapt to the environmental conditions.

coming towards the question, what wi ll happen when one species outcompetes the other for the small fish , the other specie will not get enough food and will start to die or decline in population. eventually either other specie needs to find another alternative food source for itself or migrate at some other location where there is less competition otherwise it will just not exist anymore at that niche.

hope it !

answer: i think you should do the math and pay attention in class : )

step-by-step explanation:

that is truly what   think but if i get the answer i will