Yet another variation: A better packet switched network employs the concept of acknowledgment. When the end user’s device receives a packet correctly it sends an acknowledgment to the sender. Here too, a packet is received correctly with probability p, but the sender keeps sending copies of a given packet until a copy is correctly received (signaled by acknowledgment). Let random variable N be the number of times the same message packet is sent. a) Find the PMF PN (n).

P(N = n) =  

Step-by-step explanation:

to find out

Find the PMF PN (n)

solution

PN (n)

here N is random variable

and n is the number of times

so here N random variable is denote by the same package that is N (P)

so here

probability of N is

P(N ) = Ф ( N = n)          ..................  1

here n is = 1, 2,3, 4,...................... and so on

so that here P(N = n) will be

P(N = n) =  

the population of other specie of birds will decline or other specie of birds will find some alternate source of food to survive.

explanation:

according to the competitive exclusion principle, which is also known as gause's law, two specie living in the same niche and feeding on the same resource cannot co-exist stably.

as we have well studied the theory of natural selection which states that only those organisms survive which have better tendency to compete for food and adapt to the environmental conditions.

coming towards the question, what wi ll happen when one species outcompetes the other for the small fish , the other specie will not get enough food and will start to die or decline in population. eventually either other specie needs to find another alternative food source for itself or migrate at some other location where there is less competition otherwise it will just not exist anymore at that niche.

hope it !

irrational, then, just means all the numbers that aren't rational. every integer is a rational number, since each integer n can be written in the form n/1. however, numbers like 1/2, 45454737/2424242, and -3/7 are also rational, since they are fractions whose numerator and denominator are integers.

step-by-step explanation: