You see that country B can make 60 units of X and no Y at point j, or it can make no X and 30 Y at point f. So, if country B decides to produce point j instead of point f (if can do any point f through j) where it gives up units of Y it gets back X, how many units of X does it gain for each unit of Y given up

Country B gaines 2 units of good X , per unit of Good Y sacrifised.

Step-by-step explanation:

Country B's production possibilities in form of goods (X,Y) are :

The country can produce 60 units of good X or 30 units of good Y, by complete specialisation in either good & not producing the other good.

The country has more (twice) advantage in producing good X. As, it can produce 2 times more good X, than good Y, from the same available resources.

If it decides to produce at point J, production specialising in Good X:    It will produce only good X, no units of Y. This implies that - it gains 2 units of good X per unit of good Y sacrifised, as per their production potential ratio (60:30)  

a.) list the factors of 40.

1/2/4/5/8/10/20/40

b.) list the factors of 40 that represent the number of cans that could be on each shelf.

5

c.) how many different arrangements of cans are possible?

just one because if you put more on one shelf you will go way over 40 and the cabinet will probably break.

d.) what are the possible arrangements of the cans?

put 5 cans on each self to reach 40 cans in total.

e.) which arrangement uses all the shelves?

5 because you can put 5 cans on each shelf, and since there are 8 shelfs you are equally going to get 40 cans.