Simple log equation, please explain how to do it because I forget and haven't learned logs in a while. Thanks!

How many square feet of out door carpet will we need for this hole? 8ft 3ft 12ft 4ft

Acompany manufactures large valves, packed in boxes. a shipment consists of 1500 valves packed in 75 boxes. each box has the outer dimensions 1.2 x 0.8 x 1.6 m and the inner dimensions 1.19 x 0.79 x 1.59 m. the boxes are loaded on a vehicle (truck + trailer). the available capacity in the vehicle combination is 140 m3. each valve has a volume of 0.06 m3. - calculate the load factor on the box level (%). - calculate the load factor on the vehicle level (%). - calculate the overall load factor (%).

To decrease an amount by 16% what single multiplier would you use