Kendra recieved her first paycheck a new job. She noticed that her gross income was 1,238.45 but that her net income was only 957.94. Why is kendra's net income less than her income ?

According to a study conducted in 2015, 18% of shoppers said that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. suppose that in a recent sample of 1500 shoppers, 315 stated that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. at a 5% significance level, can you conclude that the proportion of all shoppers who currently prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products is higher than .18? use both the p-value and the critical-value approaches.