A four-character password to log onto a computer is drawn from the digits 0-9 and a subset of 23 letters of the alphabet (repetition is permitted). Determine the number of passwords possible if
a) the letters used are not case sensitive (that is, a lowercase letter is treated the same as an uppercase letter).
b) the letters used are case sensitive (that is, an uppercase letter is considered different than the same lowercase letter).

Each person in an it department of 25 people works on at least one of 3 major projects: system security, program implementation, platform development. 10 people work on system security, 13 work on program implementation, and 12 work on platform development. 4 people work on system security and platform development, 5 people work on program implementation and platform development, and 2 people work on all three projects. how many people work on system security and program implementation?