A lightbulb manufacturer ships large consignments of lightbulbs to big industrial users. When the production process is functioning correctly, which is 60 % of the time, 25% of all bulbs produced are defective. However, the process is susceptible to an occasional malfunction, leading to a defective rate of 50%. If a defective bulb is found, what is the probability that the process is functioning correctly? If a nondefective bulb is found, what is the probability that the process is operating correctly?

a) P[ Pf | Ptd ]  = 0,428

b) P[ Pf | Nd ]  = 0,692

Step-by-step explanation:

We will call:

Pf  Probability of functioning correctly    60 %   or 0.6

Pfn  Probability of malfunctioning   40 %  or  0,4

PNd Probability of nondefective bulb

D₁  Probability of defective bulb when the process is correctly working

D₂  Probability of defective bulb when the process is in malfunction condition

Ptd Total probability of defective bulbs

Then applying theorem´s Bayes  have

P [ A | B ]  =  P(A) * P [ B | A ] / P(B)

a) Probabilty of the process is functioning correctly given that we pick up a defective bulb

The total probability of defective bulbs is equal to, probabilty of defective bulbs when the process is Ok, plus probability of defective bulbs when the process  is in malfunctioning condition, therefore

Ptd  = (0,6)*(0,25) + (0,40)*(0,50) = 0,15 * 0,20 = 0,35

P[ Pf | Ptd ]  =  Pf * P [ Pd | Pf ] / Ptd    =  0,6 * 0,25 / 0,35

P[ Pf | Ptd ]  = 0,428

b)  P [ Pf | Nd ]

P[ Pf | Nd ]  =  Pf *  P [Nd | Pf ] / PNd

PNd  = 1 - Ptd    =  1 - 0,35   =  0,65

P[ Pf | Nd ]  = 0,6 * 0,75 / 0,65   =  0,692

P[ Pf | Nd ]  = 0,692

maximum area = xy = (16)(32) = 512 ft2

to maximize the area of the garden, the side of the fence parallel to the side of the house should be 32 ft long, and the other two sides should both have length 16 ft.'

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