Suppose that a newspaper predicted that candidate a would defeat candidate b in a certain election. they conducted a poll of telephone directories with a response rate of 24%. on the basis of the results, the newspaper predicted that candidate a would win with 57% of the popular vote. however, candidate b won the election with about 62% of the popular vote. at the time of this poll, most households with telephones belonged to the party of candidate a. name two biases that led to this incorrect prediction.
a. sampling bias: using an incorrect frame led to under-coverage.
response bias: the way the poll was administered showed bias.
b. non-response bias: the low response rate caused bias.
sampling bias: using an incorrect frame led to undercoverage.
c. non-response bias: the low response rate caused bias.
response bias: the way the poll was administered showed bias.