Astudy was to be undertaken to determine if a particular training program would improve physical fitness. an

srs of 31 university students was selected to be enrolled in the fitness program. one important measure of

fitness is maximum oxygen uptake. measurements of oxygen uptake in untrained individuals are known to

follow a normal distribution with a mean of ? = 45 ml/kg/min. the researchers wished to determine if there

was evidence that their sample of students differed from the general population of untrained subjects. the

measurements made on the subjects coming into this study produced a mean of x = 47.4 with a standard

deviation of s = 5.3.

what is the approximate p-value for the test?

a) p < 0.005b) 0.005 < p < 0.01c) 0.01 < p < 0.02d) p > 0.02e) p = 0.0118