Frame score in beef cattle is based on height at the hips and is used as a measure of skeletal size. frame scores range from 1 to 10 with a higher number indicating a taller animal. independent random samples of frame scores were selected from the angus and simmental breeds of beef cattle with the following results:

angus simmental
5 7
6 7
7 8
5 6
7 7
6
we use analysis of variance to test the null hypothesis that the breed means for frame score are equal (use α = 0.05).

which one of the following is not an assumption that must be met in order for the analysis of variance procedures used in this problem to be valid?

group of answer choices

a) the frame scores of both populations (angus and simmental) must have a normal distribution.

b) the variances of the frame scores in both samples must be equal.

c) the samples from the two populations (angus and simmental) must be random and independent.