Session 5: yield, cpcpk, process control 1. process yield and ppm

1a. for 2 process steps, each with 5% fraction defective, what is our final process yield? hint: process yield for a process with n steps and fraction defective, p, at each step = (1-p)^n

1b. for 4 process steps, each with a yield of 25%, what is our final process yield? hint: here 1-p = 0.25

1c. for a 95% process yield, what is the ppm (parts per million) defective? hint: p = 1 – 0.95

1d. for 99.999% process yield, what is the ppm (parts per million) defective?