1. which of the following best identifies the central idea of this text?
a. america became more of a melting pot as people embraced their differences from one another and celebrated their heritage.
b. america has struggled with its identity as a melting pot due to cultural differences and anti-immigration policies.
c. america fails to be a melting pot because people who do not learn english cannot integrate with american citizens.
d. america is not a melting pot because many immigrants never considered themselves american, but only wanted to go to america for a time to make money.

2. what does the phrase “melting pot” in paragraph 11 imply about american culture?
a. american culture is formed as white americans steal facets from other cultures without their consideration.
b. american culture completely destroys differences between cultures until everyone is exactly the same in their daily lifestyles.
c. american culture fears that which is different from it.
d. american culture requires those who are different to assimilate, or adopt the ways of american culture such as language and lifestyle.

3. part a: which statement best describes how americans responded to the arrival of
new immigrants, according to the text?
a. americans rejected the new immigrants because they were so poor and did not contribute to the economy.
b. americans accepted the new immigrants because they brought new, interesting cultural elements to american culture.
c. americans accepted some immigrants and rejected others often out of fear of losing jobs to their cheap labor.
d. americans rejected all immigrants because they felt that they were not contributing to society.

4. part b: which phrase from the text best supports your answer to part a?
a. "while factory owners greeted the rush of cheap labor with zeal, laborers often treated their new competition with hostility.” (paragraph 8)
b. “gradually, these 'nativists' lobbied successfully to restrict the flow of immigration.” (paragraph 9)
c. “these two asian groups were the only ethnicities to be completely excluded from america.” (paragraph 9)
d. “criminals, contract workers, the mentally ill, anarchists, and alcoholics were among groups to be gradually barred from entry by congress.” (paragraph 10)