The mean crying time of infants during naptime at a local preschool is 12 minutes. the school implements a new naptime routine in a sample of 25 infants and records an average crying time of 8 ± 4.6 (m ± sd) minutes. test whether this new naptime routine reduced crying time at a 0.05 level of significance.

a) the new naptime routine significantly reduced crying time, t(24) = ? 4.35, p < 0.05.
b) the new naptime routine did not reduce crying time, t(24) = ? 4.35, p < 0.05.
c) the new naptime routine did not reduce crying time, t(24) = 0.92, p > 0.05.
d) the new naptime routine significantly reduce crying time, t(24) = 0.92, p < 0.05.