The scale on a different map is 1 inch represents 6 miles
a road on the map measures 2.5 inches.
how long is the road in real-life?

1 inch : 6 miles

2.5 inch : x miles

2.5 * 1 = 2.5

2.5 * 6 = 15

2.5 inches is 15 miles.

given that triangle abc is transformed two times to get triangle

a"b"c"

first abc is transformed in to a'b'c' as follows:

the coordinates of a are (1,-1) and transformed into a'(-1,1)

similarly b (4,-2) became b'(-4,2) and

c(7,-2) became c'(-7,2)

i.e. (x,y) becomes (-x,-y)

this is nothing but reflection about a point here origin.

thus first transformation is reflection on the origin.

next is exactly shifting 3 units down

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