Suppose there are two full bowls of cookies. bowl #1 has 10 chocolate chip and 30 plain cookies, while bowl #2 has 20 of each. our friend fred picks a bowl at random, and then picks a cookie at random. we may assume there is no reason to believe fred treats one bowl differently from another, likewise for the cookies. the cookie turns out to be a plain one. how probable is it that fred picked it out of bowl #1?

Astudy was interested in determining if eating milk chocolate lowered someone's cholesterol levels.ten people's cholesterol was measured. then, each of these individuals were told to eat 100g of milk chocolate every day and to eat as they normally did. after two weeks, their cholesterol levels were measured again. is there evidence to support that their cholesterol levels went down? how should we write the alternative hypothesis? (mud = the population mean difference= before - after)a. ha: mud = 0b. ha: mud > 0c. ha: mud < 0d. ha: mud does not equal 0