How do i do these without a calculator

Step-by-step explanation:

ok just try to figure out the square root if their no certain number you can do an estimate.

For example 625 squared root is 125

For higher one you can use prime factorization to get the prime factors and with that you have to make groups of numbers with the number left side

astronomers is your final answer! : )

i think this could be a possible answer (1 / 84) -1

good luck! : d