Jason went shopping. he bought a watch and a pair of trainers for a total price of £53.55. this price includes a 15% loyalty discount. before the discount, the trainers were priced at £38 work out the price of the watch before the discount

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1. We assume, that the number 53.55 is 100% - because it's the output value of the task. 
2. We assume, that x is the value we are looking for. 
3. If 53.55 is 100%, so we can write it down as 53.55=100%. 
4. We know, that x is 15% of the output value, so we can write it down as x=15%. 
5. Now we have two simple equations:
1) 53.55=100%
2) x=15%
where left sides of both of them have the same units, and both right sides have the same units, so we can do something like that:
53.55/x=100%/15%
6. Now we just have to solve the simple equation, and we will get the solution we are looking for.

7. Solution for what is 15% of 53.55

53.55/x=100/15
(53.55/x)*x=(100/15)*x       - we multiply both sides of the equation by x
53.55=6.6666666666667*x       - we divide both sides of the equation by (6.6666666666667) to get x
53.55/6.6666666666667=x 
8.0325=x 
x=8.0325

now we have: 
15% of 53.55=8.0325.
the total price was 53.55+8.0325=61.5825 the price before the discount
61.5825 - 38 = 23.5825 ~ 23.58