How do you know whether two quantities x and y are proportional?

If 1/√5+1/√5+1=p+q√r , find the values of p, q and r

According to a study conducted in 2015, 18% of shoppers said that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. suppose that in a recent sample of 1500 shoppers, 315 stated that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. at a 5% significance level, can you conclude that the proportion of all shoppers who currently prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products is higher than .18? use both the p-value and the critical-value approaches.

Given right triangle a w/a hypotenuse length of x+4 and a leg of x, and right triangle b, w/ a hypotense length of 3y and a leg length of y+4 for what values of x and y are the triangles congruent by hl?