If a data set has only one outlier, with value will always change when the outlier is excluded?

Ahiker stands at an unknown elevation before he ascends 2 miles up a mountain to an elevation of 9 miles. find the elevation of the hiker before his ascent.

According to a study conducted in 2015, 18% of shoppers said that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. suppose that in a recent sample of 1500 shoppers, 315 stated that they prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products. at a 5% significance level, can you conclude that the proportion of all shoppers who currently prefer to buy generic instead of name-brand products is higher than .18? use both the p-value and the critical-value approaches.

The price of a car has been reduced from $19,000 to $11,590. what is the percentage decrease of the price of the car?