You (an officer) arrive at the scene of a reported shooting. You observe an individual lying face down across the threshold. The individual appears to be unconscious. He is bleeding from what appears to be a gunshot wound in his right side. You investigate and find a shotgun tied to a chair, and a rope tied from the tigger device of the shotgun to open door. Your investigation reveals that this was a device to deter burglars. Is the owner justified in using this level of force to prevent the consequences of theft? If so, under what authority? If not, why not? Is the owner justified in using force or the threat of force in this manner? If so, under what authority? If not, why not?