The Any State legislature passed a law that requires all first degree murder charges to be filed in adult criminal court. Johnny Doe, a 15 year old gang member, has been arrested for shooting a killing a rival gang member. The Any State prosecutor will file the charges directly in adult criminal court under which doctrine?
Question 5 options:

a. Excluded offense waiver

b. Direct file waiver

c. Judicial waiver

d. None of the above. Because Doe is 15 years old the case must be filed in juvenile court.