A minor judicial official, elected in a precinct within a county, who is not necessarily a lawyer, who has the authority to deal with petty civil and criminal cases, perform marriages, and who operates, essentially, a small claims court is known as a:

Justice of the Peace

Explanation:

They are authorized to deal with petty civil and criminal cases, perform marriages and operate as notories or judges in small claims court. They can also work as coroner to certify cause of death.

on june 23, 1972, the president signed title ix of the education amendments of 1972, 20 u.s.c. into law. title ix is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.