One day, police officers were involved in a high-speed chase through city limits after a driver sped through a school zone. When they finally caught up with the driver, the police immediately arrested Betty at the scene. Because Betty was arrested at the scene and without a warrant, the court may hold a hearing during the first appearance to determine whether there was probable cause to arrest her.
This hearing is known as:

a. Richardson hearing
b. Allen hearing
c. Lewis hearing
d. Gerstein hearing