"how could africa avoid a malthusian trap, according to jeffrey sachs? "

By investing in food sustainable practices and projects

the Malthusian traps states that as population increase, the population will reach a time that it will be faced by food inadequacy. Most African countries are food insufficient and are plagued by periodic hunger and starvation that leads to millions of death.  to ensure food sustainability,the countries must invest in sustainable agricultural policies and projects.