1. Spoils system --- placing supporters in office
2. Martin Van Buren --- Jackson's successor elected 1836
3. Specie Circular --- buy land with hard money only
4. John Q. Adams --- elected President in 1824
5. National Republicans --- supported Adams
6. Secession --- the process of leaving the Union
7. Tallmadge Amendment --- prohibit growth of slavery in new territory
8. Andrew Jackson --- was President in 1832
9. Kitchen cabinet --- Jackson's informal advisors
10. John C. Calhoun --- resigned as Vice President
11. Democratic Republicans  --- supported Jackson
12. Pet banks --- federal money was placed in these
13. Panic of 1837 --- depression caused by Jackson's policies
14. Missouri Compromise --- no slavery above 36° 30' line
Explanation:
1- Spoils system is a term that describes when political parties reward their supporters with public office. The spoils system was extant in the 19th century in the United States, but the Pendleton Act, which came into force in 1883, marked a turning point in government where employment was based on merit rather than loyalty to political parties.
2- Martin Van Buren was the eighth president of the United States (1837-1841). He was an important organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the two-party system and the first president of non-British descent - his family was Dutch. Â As president, he did not want the United States to annex Texas, an act that his successor, John Tyler, would achieve eight years after Van Buren's initial rejection.
3- Specie Circular is an order made by President Andrew Jackson in 1836 to promote the conquest of the West by requiring buyers of state land to pay in gold, which increased the demand and price of gold to boost mineral exploration west of the Mississippi.
4- John Quincy Adams was an American politician, the sixth president from 1825 to 1829. Â As president, Quincy Adams advocated a strong federal form of government and in his administration. Adams failed to get re-elected in the presidential election in 1828. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1830 as a representative of his home state of Massachusetts, a post he held until his death in 1848.
5- The National Republican Party was an American party that existed in the 1820s. Â The party was a breakout party from the Democratic-Republican Party because of internal disagreements over the power relationship between the president and Congress, as well as the relationship between the federal government and the states. Â
6- Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity. Typically a strong difference or disagreement exists that drives the retreat.
7- The Tallmadge Amendment established that Missouri could only be accepted into the Union as a free state.
8- Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States. The first president to be elected as Democratic candidate; he is considered one of the founders of the party. Â
9- The Kitchen Cabinet was a policy group informally organized by the seventh president of the United States, Andrew Jackson, as an informal advisory group.
10- John Caldwell Calhoun a politician and political philosopher from South Carolina, United States. He was known as a spokesman for slavery and believed that owning black people was a "guarantee of civilization". His ideas led to the Civil War a decade after his death.
He became the 7th Vice President of the United States, first under President John Quincy Adams (1825 - 1829), then under President Andrew Jackson (1829 - 1832). He resigned from the post of Vice President to sit in the Senate, where he felt he had more power.
11- The Democratic-Republican Party was the forerunner of today's Democratic Party in the United States.
The party was formed primarily to counter the Federalist Party's economic and foreign policy, where the party, among other things, agreed to maintain a good relationship with France. In addition, the party advocated a strict interpretation of the constitution, with the greatest possible autonomy for the states and protection of the "free peasant" against the forces of capital.
12- There were called pet banks those banks that received federal treasury funds during the 1830s.
13- The panic of 1837 was a financial crisis that led to a sharp economic downturn that lasted until the mid-1840s. The panic was triggered by a financial bubble that erupted after several years of economic expansion, but which also had strong features of speculation and unsecured loans.
14- The Missouri Compromise was a treaty between slave advocates and abolitionists in the United States. The treaty was created to regulate slavery in the United States.  It stated that in all states north of the 36 ° latitude, except Missouri and states east of Missouri, slavery would be prohibited. In states south of the latitude, it was permissible if authorities and free population so desired.
