Which judicial office had its origins in medieval england and has existed in texas since 1837 even before statehood?

Justice of the peace

The idea of a "justice of the peace" was that a respected person in the community is bestowed with authority to act in certain judicial matters.  They typically do not have full legal degrees, but are empowered to handle minor civil cases or lower level misdemeanor cases, etc.  Texas currently does have educational training provided for those who serve as justices of the peace.

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. it may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. it includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. a holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). a hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. so probably family history.

The answer should be b.