In the era before the industrial revolution, the expectation was that women would

Prior to the Industrial revolution, society was largely patriarchal - men had the leading role in society and were also the ones who were in charge on all leading places. After the industrial revolution, this was slowly changing. With that said, women weren't required to work at a factory or anything similar, they were to take care after the children and cook meals and be housewives in general. 

B. marbury v madison