Women were among the rulers of the west african city-state of songhai. mali. benin. hausa

c. the dred scott v. sandford case,

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.