What are two common strategies that interest groups use to shape public policy? a. filling lawsuits and recalling lawmakers b. influencing public opinion and forming political action committees c. proposing new laws and elected officials work together more effectively d. hiring judges and lobbying officials

b. Influencing public opinion and forming political action committees

Interests groups form around an issue they want legal action taken. They will use marketing methods to influence public opinion through media and campaigning. If they form a political action committee then they will back political candidates and possibly provide money for a political candidate's campaign. Interest groups in the US include AARP, Family Research Council, and the NAACP.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

representative government

explanation:

american revolution: major events leading to declaration of independence. 1765-1766; tax introduced on legal documents to pay for defense of colonies. 1766: stamp act repealed after merchants protesting due to their goods not being bout and officials being threatened.