Trade in the vedic age led to 1. the rise of kingdoms because of the importance of controlling land and long-distance travel routes 2. the building of an extensive system of roads because of the difficult terrain 3. the creation of a large banking class because of the need to exchange different currencies 4. the development of a centralized government that controlled the economic decisions of its people

the answer is: must pay taxes on profits

since it is considered as a part of your income, profits from investments is eligible for tax payment.

the tax from your investment could be influenced by how long you decided to sell it. united states promotes keeping your investment for long term period. so, the tax rate for investments that you sell in less than one year is typically higher compared to investments that you sell in more than one year period.

i believe the answer is d.