The study of mapmaking, has been important for human navigation around the earth. a. geography b. cartography c. human geography d. physical geography

 B. Cartography

Explanation:   Cartography is the study of mapmaking defined, among others, by the International Cartographic Association. This discipline deals with the study, conception and production of maps. The name of the cartography comes from the Greek-Latin word "charta", which means a leaf of paper, and the Greek word "graphein", which means to draw or write. Cartography implies a whole mapping process, from studying a mapped relief to a presentation, that is, drawing on a map.

the catholic church withhold people's access to the bible during the middle ages.

people could go to church and listen to the teachings, but it was absolutely forbidden to own and/or read the books of both the old and new testaments. it was also prohibited to translate the books (which where originally in biblical hebrew) to any other language.

this was done so the church could remain in control of what their teachings were and to enhance their importance and power, while also being able to judge people's actions through information that was unavailable for the general public.

i believe your answer is d)