Secretary of defense robert mcnamara and other top advisors believed that the u. s. needed to increase its military presence in vietnam in order to defeat the communists. which of the following was passed by congress and authorized the use of military force in vietnam?

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and other top advisors believed that the U.S. needed to increase its military presence in Vietnam in order to defeat the communists. The measure that was passed by Congress and authorized the use of military force in Vietnam was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution led to the escalation of American troops in the War of Vietnam. It gave the President of the United States the ability to send troops without the specific Congress' approval.

On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. It permitted President Lyndon B. Johnson to maintain peace in Southeast Asia.

just finished this it is b. centrifugal force

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]