Horizontal integration is best illustrated by
(a) andrew carnegie controlling all aspects of the production process
(b) john d. rockefeller eliminating all competing fi rms that produced
the same products
(c) cornelius vanderbilt issuing noncompetitive railroad rebates
(d) john p. morgan artifi cially infl ating the price of his own stocks
(e) henry frick using private detective agencies to break strikes

the hollywood film industry of 1950 was threatened on several different fronts. television broadcasting was rapidly becoming the dominant entertainment medium in the united states. the paramount anti-trust consent decree requiring separate ownership for production companies and theater chains had gone into effect on 1 january 1950. large numbers of young men and women were marrying, having children, and moving to the suburbs, which affected the viability of downtown first-run movie theaters. foreign revenues were endangered by protectionist tactics including quota systems, high taxes, and blocked funds. finally, the morality and patriotism of hollywood films and filmmakers were under attack from government, religious, and citizens' groups.

explanation: