How were younger children taught in the 1800s?

Even though some children learn more slowly than others, teachers in this time believed that all students learned at the same speed. 
If a child fell behind he was thought to have not been trying hard enough and was therefore punished. 
Teachers were allowed to administer correctional canings or beatings in school.
More commonly known a cone with the letter “D”(Dunce) was placed on the childs head.

1920 census

the census was scheduled for january the 1st, as the government believed that more farmers would be in their homes by that time instead of april. the census did not ask about unemployment, the number of children, and how long was a couple married were not taken into consideration. individuals were considered as residents of the places they normally slept, not the places were they worked at or visited.

2010 census

the census was scheduled for april 1st, 2010. it was the shortest census in history: it only contained 10 questions related to name, age, gender, ethnicity, relationship, and whether the citizen owned a home or rented one. the government launched a website in order to provide the citizens with information regarding the census. there were also "teach census weeks" in schools nationwide.